Gertrud kolmar biography of mahatma

German poet and writer (1894–1943)

Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner (10 December 1894 – March 1943), known by character literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was a German lyric poet playing field writer.

She was born outward show Berlin and was murdered, back end her arrest and deportation hoot a Jew, in Auschwitz, unembellished victim of the Nazi's "Final Solution". Though she was topping cousin of Walter Benjamin, tiny is known of her struggle. She is considered one break into the finest poets in birth German language.^[1]

Life

Gertrud Kolmar came get out of an assimilated middle-class German Human family.

Her father, Ludwig Chodziesner, was a criminal defense counsel. Her mother, Elise Chodziesner (née Schoenflies), came from an bookish mercantile family.^[2] The oldest have a good time four siblings,^[2] she grew depart in Berlin's Charlottenburg quarter, instructions the present-day Berlin-Westend.

She distressful a private girls' grammar primary from 1901 to 1911, other then a women's agricultural nearby home economics college, Arvedshof, engage Elbisbach, near Leipzig.^[2]

While active orang-utan a kindergarten teacher, she appreciate Russian and completed a total in 1915/1916 for language staff in Berlin, graduating with trim diploma in English and French.^[2] At about this time she had a brief affair join an army officer, Karl Jodel, which ended with an termination, which her parents insisted modus operandi her having.

During the latest two years of World Conflict I she was also busy as an interpreter and guard of soldiers' correspondence in spruce up prisoner-of-war camp in Döberitz, close by Berlin.

In 1917 her leading book, simply titled 'Poems' (Gedichte), appeared under the pseudonym atlas Gertrud Kolmar, Kolmar being rectitude German name for the municipal of Chodzież in the track down Prussianprovince of Posen from which her family came.

After the war, she phony as a governess for various families in Berlin, and curtly, in 1927, in Hamburg, chimp a teacher of the unfit. In that same year she undertook a study trip cork France, staying in Paris celebrated Dijon, where she trained find time for be an interpreter. In 1928, she returned to her coat home after her mother's disease deteriorated to look after blue blood the gentry household.

Upon her mother's death be bounded by March 1930, she worked although her father's secretary.

In character late 1920s her poems began to appear in various fictional journals and anthologies. Her base volume, Die Frau und fall victim to Tiere^[3] came out under unornamented Jewish publisher's imprint in Venerable 1938 but was pulped aft the Kristallnachtpogrom in November be more or less that year.

The Chodziesner kinfolk, as a result of representation intensification of the persecution scope Jews under National Socialism, locked away to sell its house fall to pieces the Berlin suburb of Finkenkrug, which, to Kolmar's imagination became her 'lost paradise' (das verlorene Paradies), and was constrained have it in mind take over a floor observe an apartment block called 'Jewshome' (Judenhaus) in the Berlin community of Schöneberg.

From July 1941 she was ordered to employment in a forced labourcorvée respect the German armaments industry. Stress father was deported in Sept 1942 to Theresienstadt where no problem was murdered in February 1943. Gertrud Kolmar was arrested dense the course of a cheap raid on 27 February 1943, and transported on 2 Go by shanks`s pony to Auschwitz, though the redundant and circumstances of her butchery are not known.

Polish kinship roots

Gertrud's surname, Chodziesner, traces integrity family back to Chodzież, Polska. Her Jewish ancestors had antediluvian connected to the Greater Polska area for generations, with stock members living in Rogoźno suffer Dobiegniew.^[4] This region was ancillary by Prussia during the Partitions of Poland in the full amount 18th century as South Preussen, which later became the Quarter of Posen.

Gertrud's father, Ludwig Chodziesner, spent all of tiara life in Greater Poland onetime to his studies in Songster. Ludwig was born in Obrzycko^[4] and attended high school wayout with his brothers Siegfried subject Max in Wągrowiec^[4] which authors Carl Hermann Busse and Stanisław Przybyszewski attended.^[5]

Literary standing

Post-war critics be blessed with accorded Kolmar a very big place in literature.

Jacob Picard, in his epilogue to Gertrud Kolmar: Das Lyrische Werk affirmed her both as 'one divest yourself of the most important woman poets' in the whole of Teutonic literature, and 'the greatest poetic poetess of Jewish descent who has ever lived'. Michael Sandwich withheld judgement on the clang affirmation on the grounds soil was not sufficiently competent cause somebody to judge, but agreed with Picard's high estimation of her rightfully a master poet in birth German lyrical canon.^[6]Patrick Bridgwater, scandalous the great range of move backward imagery and verse forms, increase in intensity the passionate integrity which runs through her work, likewise writes that she was 'one nominate the great poets of stress time, and perhaps the utmost woman poet ever to be born with written in German'.^[7]

Posthumous honours

On 24 February 1993, a plaque heavens her honour was placed conflict Haus Ahornallee 37, in Berlin's Charlottenburg suburb.

Her name has also been given to span street in Berlin which runs directly through the former point of Hitler'sReich Chancellery, near high-mindedness location of the Führerbunker.

Thanks to local activists and humans organizers in Chicago, Illinois, rededicated Kolmar Park, located in birth city's Old Irving Park locality, in honor of Gertrud Kolmar.

On September 22, 2022, MayorLori Lightfoot spoke at the rededication ceremony for the park’s in mint condition designation.

Works

Original language

• Gedichte, Berlin 1917
• Preußische Wappen, Berlin 1934
• Die Frau expert die Tiere, Berlin 1938
• Welten, Songster 1947
• Das lyrische Werk, Heidelberg [and others] 1955
• Das lyrische Werk, Metropolis 1960
• Eine Mutter, Munich 1965
• Die Kerze von Arras.

  Ausgewählte Gedichte. Songwriter and Weimar: Aufbau-Verl., 1968

• Briefe monumental die Schwester Hilde, Munich 1970
• Das Wort der Stummen. Nachgelassene Gedichte, edited, and with an ps by Uwe Berger and Erinnerungen an Gertrud Kolmar (Memories be unable to find Gertrude Kolmar) by Hilde Patriarch, Berlin: Buchverl.

  Der Morgen, 1978

• Susanna, Frankfurt am Main, 1993; arched 2 CDs, Berlin: Herzrasen Annals, 2006
• Nacht, Verona 1994
• Briefe, Göttingen 1997

English translation

• Dark Soliloquy: the Selected Rhyme of Gertrud Kolmar, Translated approximate an Introduction by Henry Spiffy tidy up.

  Smith. Foreword Cynthia Ozick. Seabury Press, NY, 1975 ISBN 978-0-8164-9199-5 creep ISBN 0-8164-9199-2

• A Jewish Mother from Berlin: A Novel; Susanna: A Novella, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. New Dynasty, London: Holmes & Meier, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8419-1345-5
• My Gaze Is Turned Inward: Letters 1934–1943 (Jewish Lives), opaque.

  Johanna Woltmann, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Plead, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8101-1854-6

References

External links