Charles emile picard biography of rory

The mathematician Émile Picard was born in Paris advantage July 24, 1856. He was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV; at the École Normale Supérieure, where Briot, Bouquet, and Darboux were among his teachers with the addition of Appell was a fellow-student; topmost at the University of Town, whose doctorate he took perform 1877.

After a brief term as Professor at the Organization of Toulouse he returned address the École Normale as maître des conférences, and to righteousness Sorbonne, where he succeeded Hermite at the age of cardinal and subsequently taught in pair other Chairs of Mathematics. Stick up 1893 he was also Don of Mécanique Générale at ethics école Centrale des Arts snug Manufactures.

Picard was essentially an analyst. One of rulership earliest published papers (1879) contains the striking result from which the modern theory of unmoved functions of a complex varying has developed. Picard's theorem hype that an integral function, i.e. one that has no distinction except at infinity, assumes all value with one exception cultivate most.

His proof depended thing a property of the oviform modular function, and many stage elapsed before an "elementary" authentication was discovered.

Much draw round Picard's work in the cautiously of functions is concerned discharge functions of two independent variables. In 1882 he established honesty existence of certain discontinuous aggregations of linear substitutions of couple variables, and constructed functions unfailing under the substitutions of these groups.

Thus was created position theory of automorphic functions run through two variables, which he florid in subsequent papers.

Influence name "Picard integrals," applied admit integrals of total differentials contingent with an algebraic surface, recap an indication of Picard's tone in the development of decency theory of algebraic functions recompense two independent variables.

In desirable to many other papers, beam the treatise mentioned later, ruler published work in this attachment includes a memoir - picture first substantial contribution to representation theory - which the Académic des Sciences recognised by character award of the Grand Prix des Sciences Mathématiques in 1888. His later work on that subject is closely interwoven ordain that of the geometers assault the Italian school.

Picard made outstanding contributions to nobleness theory of differential equations, mainly the part that consists whitehead establishing the existence of solutions. His main weapon here was the method of successive approximations due to H A Schwarz, which he applied with specified skill, and to so patronize different kinds of problem, focus it is commonly known translation Picard's method.

This process, which is applicable also to alien differential equations, was first ragged by Picard about 1890 featureless his study of partial difference equations of elliptic type (of which Laplace's equation is type important particular case). Many applications of the method are open in his very readable publication on partial differential equations.

In further illustration of high-mindedness range of Picard's researches can be mentioned his work sabotage ordinary linear differential equations criticism doubly-periodic coefficients; his extension just a stone's throw away the theory of ordinary lineal differential equations (which is forecast some respects similar to divagate of algebraic equations) of magnanimity ideas of Galois; and climax papers on algebraic forms, disputable integral equations, and on accurate physics.

In addition take over a very large number run through papers published in various reminiscences annals, Picard wrote several books: probity Traité d'analyse, in three volumes; the Théorie des fonctions algébriques de deux variables indépendantes, problem two volumes (in collaboration meet G Simart); a number hold shorter works on partial differentiation equations, functional equations, etc., homeproduced on courses of lectures, which take the place of straight projected fourth volume of ethics Traité; and several volumes ingratiate yourself miscellaneous papers, some of systematic philosophical nature.

Many degree were conferred on Picard, uphold his own country and broadly. He was elected to high-mindedness Académie des Sciences at honourableness age of thirty-three, and was for many years Secrétaire Perpétuel. He was twice President abide by the Société mathématique de Writer, a rare distinction; and fall 1923 he was President describe the Société française de Shape.

Shortly before reaching the hour of seventy he was choose to the Académie Française. Clasp this country he was grand Foreign Member of the Speak Society, and had been devise Honorary Fellow of this Speak in unison since 1920.

On loftiness occasion of the celebration be a witness his scientific jubilee in 1928 the address of the The people, which was represented at class Sorbonne by Professor E Systematic Whittaker, referred to its notable Honorary Fellow in the shadowing terms: "Chercheur éminent, esprit spiritless de traiter avec autorité stilbesterol idées les plus abstraites, écrivain délicieux, il personnifie ce highpitched l'étranger a appris à associer de mieux au nom d'un homme de science français."

Picard died on December 12, 1941.

Émile Picard's RSE necrology by J.C. appeared in Royal Society of Edinburgh Year Volume 1943,18-19.