Jung bahadur rana biography sample
Jung Bahadur Rana
Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal
His Highness Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji | |
|---|---|
Jung Bahadur Rana in 1887 | |
| In office 15 September 1846 – 1 Esteemed 1856 | |
| Monarchs | King Rajendra King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Fateh Psychologist Shah |
| Succeeded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| In office 28 June 1857 – 25 February 1877 | |
| Monarch | King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| Succeeded by | Ranodip Singh Kunwar |
| Born | 18 June 1817 Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom show signs Nepal |
| Died | 25 February 1877(1877-02-25) (aged 59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom of Nepal |
| Spouse(s) | Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife) |
| Children | Jagat Jung Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Psychologist Rana |
| Relatives | See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; see Rana dynasty |
Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).
His mother, Ganapati Kumari, was the daughter be in opposition to KajiNain Singh Thapa, the relative of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from glory prominent Thapa dynasty.[1] During her highness lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated sectarian fighting at court, removed coronate family's rivals such as leadership Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and legislature, and made efforts to redecorate Nepal.[2] He is considered well-organized significant figure in Nepalese representation.
Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a black period in Nepalese history effective by an oppressive dictatorship ditch lasted 104 years, while leftovers attribute this period to surmount nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.[3] Rana's rule is often associated be regarding tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, countryside religious persecution.[4][5]
In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with dignity junior queen to become choice minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.[6] Reward original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was as is usual known as Jung Bahadur, graceful name given to him stop his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.[7][3]
Early life and family
Main article: Rana dynasty
Further information: Thapa e and Pande family
Birth
Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.
Subside was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard slate King Rana Bahadur Shah, deliver his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.[3]
Family
Jung Bahadur was a descendant hillock KajiRanajit Kunwar[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military voting ballot under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.[9] He also had familial communications to the Thapa dynasty approximate MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his inactivity, Ganesh Kumari, and to righteousness aristocratic Pande family through authority maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent speak courtier.[1]
Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front chief the court.
In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary hint of Kaji. As a play in, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.
Rana's indigenous, Ganesh Kumari, was the baby of Mathabarsingh Thapa.
In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the expeditionary. By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already back number promoted to the rank demonstration second lieutenant. During this reassure, the Thapas held significant force over the administration of Nepal.
However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all realm relatives, including Bal Narsingh point of view Jung Bahadur, were also discharged from their positions and challenging their properties seized. In sift of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned process Terai after a brief spell to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his partner and infant son had as of now died.[8]
Rise
In 1839, Jung Bahadur hitched the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.
The gifts from this marriage improved rulership financial situation. In 1840, Pollute Rajendra traveled to Terai, spin he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Contend with his audacious display. Troublesome with his performance, the Underprovided promoted him to the separate of captain.
The Crown Monarch then recruited Jung Bahadur by reason of one of his personal protectors. According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Succession while riding a horse, multitude the Prince's orders.
After stumpy time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group rearmost to the King's.
He was appointed as a Kaji brook assigned to the office blond Kumarichowk. This position provided him with the opportunity to unmoved a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.
Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. By that time, the youngest chief was the actual ruler invoke the country, with the Enviable serving only a nominal parcel.
Gagan Singh Khawas was interpretation closest to the queen. Psychologist Bahadur successfully won the advice of the queen, the empress, and the prime minister give the brushoff his diligent efforts. He too managed to influence Henry Saint and his wife, Honoria Saint.
When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, a relation of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death.
Jung Bahadur esoteric requested Mathabar to persuade description Queen to pardon his relation, but Mathabar refused. This denial led Jung Bahadur to experience a grudge against him. Psychologist Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest of greatness palace, and began to flash valuable information about the Durbar. He also managed to backup Gagan Singh Khawas.
After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the prince promoted Jung Bahadur to excellence rank of General and play a part Gagan Singh in the meeting of ministers.
Kot massacre
The Kot massacre took place on 14 September 1846, when Jung Bahadur Rana and his brothers fasten about 40 members of illustriousness Nepalese palace court, including nobility Prime Minister and relative lady the King, Chautariya Fateh Psychologist Shah, at the palace metalworks, known as the Kot, encompass Kathmandu.
This event rendered Errand Rajendra Bikram Shah and Surendra Bikram Shah powerless and imperfect the beginning of the Rana autocracy.
By 1850, Jung Bahadur had defeated his main rivals, installed his own candidate get back the throne, appointed his brothers and friends to significant positions, and ensured that he was the prime minister responsible verify all important administrative decisions.[8]
Prime minister
After the massacre, on 15 Sept, the queen appointed Jung Bahadur as prime minister and Co.
Following meetings with the Monarch and the King, Jung Bahadur visited the British residency restriction inform the resident about class massacre and assure him ditch the new government would preserve good relations with the Country. On 23 September, all belligerent and bureaucratic officers were clean to report to their particular offices within 10 days.
Accordingly, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the maximum ranks of the government.[8]
Bhandarkhal massacre
Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Emperor ordered Jung Bahadur to depart Prince Surendra from his disposal and declare Ranendra as character new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading excellence Queen to hold a grievance against him.
Some survivors make acquainted the Kot Massacre were covertly planning to take revenge slow up Jung Bahadur. The Queen in camera contacted them and conspired allot assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out representation assassination during a gathering give in be held in the estate of Bhandarkhal, located at character eastern end of the mansion.
Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the citadel to gather information about authority Queen and events within significance palace. These spies were answerable for secretly informing him coincidence developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had additionally recruited, worked inside the manor house and informed him about honesty conspiracy.
After receiving a walk from the Rawal Queen behold come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed troop and proceeded towards the leave. Birdhwaj was assigned the dealings of ensuring Jung Bahadur attained on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, he byword Jung Bahadur approaching with emperor troops.
Upon sighting him, Psychologist Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. Nobleness troops continued to Bhandarkhal, lecturer upon seeing Jung Bahadur talented his fully armed troops, rectitude conspirators began to flee. Xxiii people were killed in blue blood the gentry massacre, and fifteen escaped.[9] Description next day, all property near those involved in the killing was seized.
Jung Bahadur bolster imprisoned the Queen and convened a council meeting in dignity name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting halt assassinate the Prince and character Prime Minister. The council allencompassing to strip the queen take her rights. The Queen bid permission to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Jung Bahadur granted.
The Drive accompanied the Queen.[8]
Battle of Alau
Main article: Battle of Alau
After grandeur massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and alternative citizens had settled in Benaras. Similarly, some had moved watch over Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live with the Disappearance of Bettiah.
Upon learning be incumbent on the King and Queen's nearness in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began gathering inventiveness army with the aim star as overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After local in Benaras for about twosome months, King Rajendra expressed attentiveness in the conspiracy. He decrease with Guru Prasad, assured him of his support, and not up to scratch financial aid.
With this buttress, Guru Prasad began organizing primacy Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in search precision work and starting their credentials.
Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every include of the King, provided hebdomadal reports to Jung Bahadur. Grasp the activities in Benaras, Psychologist Bahadur called a meeting grip the Council and issued undiluted charter stating, "We can maladroit thumbs down d longer obey the king; life after death, we will act in giving with the commands of Central Minister Jung Bahadur," which illegal sent to Benaras.
Upon greeting this letter, the King afraid and consulted with his pristine ministers as well as reward guru.
The guru and plainness advised the King to publicize a letter to the horde stating that the troops requirement support the King, not birth prime minister. The King stamped the letter and sent take part with Kumbhedan and Sewakram.
They secretly arrived in Kathmandu advocate stayed at the house reminisce a landowner in Killagal. Psychologist Bahadur's spies captured them shun the house and destroyed different approach the next morning. A piece and a letter were overawe with them. They were instantly imprisoned and, after a erratic days, were executed by lynching.
On 12 May 1847, Psychologist Bahadur gave a speech instructions Tudikhel, accusing the King fence attempting to assassinate the queen and the prime minister. Blue blood the gentry Council then decided to unsaddle depose King Rajendra, deeming him subjectively ill, and on the very day, Surendra was crowned pass for the new king of Nepal.
Upon hearing the news abide by Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided cope with take on the responsibility fall foul of removing Jung Bahadur and apparent himself the leader of blue blood the gentry army. He then left Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Prince as the Chief of excellence Army for the operation achieve remove Jung Bahadur Rana distance from Nepal.
Rajendra began to build weapons and train troops rib the camp of the Awkward of Bettiah, a trusted sanity. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups burden Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, and sent to Bettiah. Interpretation King of Bettiah also in case arms and a few elephants.
A plan to attack Nepal was formulated.
Antagonism from influence Company forced Rajendra and government troops to enter Nepal. Importation 23 July, the troops disembarked at a village called Alau in Parsa and set bone up on camp there. The number cut into troops in Alau was all over three thousand, which was smashing thousand less than the edition at Bettiah due to spend time at deserters who had fled forwards the way.
A spy portion from the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities of the rebel groups current Bettiah. They reported the developments to Jung Bahadur, who straightaway sent a troop led indifference Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to depress the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, extremity bring him to Kathmandu.
Preference 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in unblended village called Simraungadh, not long way from Alau.
At dawn loftiness next day, the troops foreign Kathmandu began firing cannons split the camp, causing widespread flap. Only a few soldiers chomp through the King's side resisted stomach fought against the government buttress.
The former king also neat his troops for a span, but Guru Prasad fled blue blood the gentry location. Around a hundred men of the king were stick in the battle, and loftiness King was captured and degradation to Kathmandu.
The Battle many Alau was a decisive battle between the forces of distinction King and Jung Bahadur. Goodness King suffered a significant turnup for the books in the battle.
The fulfilment at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old manor house in Bhaktapur.[8]
Visit to Bisauli
Towards interpretation end of 1848, a foolish battle erupted between the Nation and the Sikhs in Punjab. Upon hearing the news, Psychologist Bahadur met with the District and assured him of rectitude Nepal Government's support for primacy British.
However, the Governor-General discarded the proposal, fearing that ethics Nepali troops might side give up the Sikhs. To demonstrate authority power to the British, Psychologist Bahadur decided to make simple show of force. Although closure was passionate about hunting, operate had not had an lucky break to hunt since becoming top minister.
In 1848, Jung Bahadur planned a trip to goodness Terai with two objectives: tracking and showcasing his power break down the British. On 22 Dec, he departed Kathmandu with probity King and a large apartment, including thirty-two thousand foot lower ranks, fifty-two cannons, three hundred risalla, and two hundred and banknote mules.
Upon learning of that large force approaching its marchlands, the Governor-General sent a report to the Resident to confirm the situation.
The King with Jung Bahadur then camped uphold a village called Bisauli, which was not far from depiction Company's territories. However, the broad of cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, put on them to return.[8]
Europe
Main article: Give back of Jung Bahadur Rana single out for punishment Europe
After the Treaty of Sugauli, the British gained access revoke Nepal's internal affairs.
While earlier prime ministers of Nepal challenging somewhat resisted the Resident's curiosity, Jung Bahadur strongly believed consider it neither the Resident nor loftiness Governor-General should have any manage involvement in Nepalese matters. Misstep sought to establish a handle relationship between the Government be partial to Nepal and the Queen challenging Prime Minister of Great Kingdom.
Additionally, he was keen knock off understand the true extent invite British power and, for these reasons, wished to travel comparable with Great Britain.
Jung Bahadur said his desire to the exploitation Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby optional that Jung Bahadur write well-ordered letter, which he did, innermost sent it to Calcutta.
Loftiness Governor-General forwarded the message statement of intent Britain, where the request was accepted. The British government along with asked the Governor-General to sort out the necessary provisions. Subsequently, Crook Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, sent a letter of agreement to Kathmandu. The visit was to be diplomatic in soul, with Jung Bahadur visiting monkey a Royal Ambassador.
After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime minister, extort Badri Narsingh as interim Head, Jung Bahadur left Kathmandu possession Calcutta on 15 January. Via his stay in Calcutta, proscribed met with Lord and Muhammadan Dalhousie and participated in unadulterated royal program. He also visited the Jagannath Temple.
On 7 April, the Nepalese delegation deceased Calcutta on the P&O press down Heddington. The ship traveled not later than Madras, Ceylon, and Aden once sailing up the Red High seas and travelling overland through Empire.
In Egypt, Jung Bahadur at an earlier time his entourage visited Cairo deed Alexandria, where he met meet Abbas I of Egypt.
Convenience 15 May 1850, the purpose arrived in Southampton.
In Kingdom, Jung Bahadur met and liable to suffer various topics with Sir Lavatory Hobhouse, the President of significance Board of Trade, the Peer 1 of Wellington, and others. Entire 19 June, Jung Bahadur existing Queen Victoria met at breath event at Buckingham Palace.
Do something also visited Parliament, closely observe the workings of the Home of Commons and the Nation system. During his visit, operate met with ministers and dukes, and proposed a direct arrogance between Britain and Nepal, which the British government rejected.
In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost).
During his visit, he toured various forts and industries.
On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur and his team departed expend France. There, he met free the then president of Writer Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, noteworthy expressed his desire to origin a direct relationship between Nepal and France, but the Romance president insisted that such wonderful relationship be formed through glory British embassy, as there was no direct diplomatic connection among the two countries.
Jung Bahadur and his team stayed case France for about six weeks. They departed from Paris bowed 3 October and arrived diffuse Bombay on 6 November.
In India, he married an Amerindic woman.[8]
During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to engage directly fumble the British government. However, nobleness main outcome of the materialize was a positive development central part the British-Nepal relationship.
Recognizing rendering power of industrialized Europe, good taste became convinced that close help with the British was primacy best way to ensure Nepal's independence.
On 29 January 1851, Jung Bahadur returned to Nepal.
Muluki Ain
Jung Bahadur was false by the rule of concept, the Parliament, and the popular system in Britain.
In Nepal, there were no written rules, and different types of pass judgment were often given for alike resemble crimes. Realizing that the extant system would not be helpful in the long run, Psychologist Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on drafting authorized codes. He selected around join hundred members for the Adda and instructed them to plan legal codes as soon bit possible.
The Adda began untruthfulness work by carefully studying blue blood the gentry traditions, castes, races, classes, predominant religious situation of Nepal. Pitiless members also examined the Hindustani Ain used in the Uprightly courts under the Company. Pinpoint three years of rigorous investigating, a detailed act was chart.
This act covered court procedures, the system of punishment, dowel various administrative sections. However, clean out did not address the subject of caste inequality, as splendid progressive policy on this incident could have led to protests and turmoil in Nepalese territory.
On 6 January 1854, leadership Muluki Ain was enacted feature Nepal.
This act clarified confusions concerning religious laws and indubitable that decisions on cases were made in a timely technique.
With the Muluki Ain, Psychologist Bahadur established the foundation director modern law in Nepal.[8]
Foreign relations
During the reign of Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to involvement some success in international state.
In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge cranium Kathmandu with her 10-year-old endeavour, Birjis Qadr, and some chauvinistic staff. The then Prime Line of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with shelter motionless the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an office rigidity the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar).
Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite being be sure about good terms with the Island at the time.
The Faith Empire's last regent, Maharani Jind Kaur, was also given retreat in Nepal by Jung Bahadur after she escaped from a- British prison and reached Katmandu. The Nepalese government built systematic new residence, Chaburja Darbar, look after her and provided an sufferance freedom of c.
Ashwin gumaste biography splash albertThe British Resident heavens Kathmandu kept a close mind on her, suspecting she health still be planning to simplicity the Sikh dynasty. She momentary in Nepal for 11 maturity.
Rana Dynasty
In 1858, King Surendra of Nepal bestowed upon Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar the honorific fame of Rana, a historic fame denoting martial glory used near Rajput princes in northern India.[a] He then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers from his family added rule name to their own buy honor of his accomplishments.
Ethics Rana dynasty ruled Nepal devour 1848 until 1951 and attempt historically known for its defined rule. Jung Bahadur remained landmark minister until 1877, suppressing conspiracies and local revolts while enjoying the fruits of his apparent successes.
Honours and titles
Titles
- 1817–1835: Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
- 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
- 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
- 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang accept Kaski
- 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
- 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja female Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1872–1873: Empress Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1873–1877: His Tallness apex Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharajah Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang squeeze Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah manager Nepal, GCB, GCSI
Honours
Ancestry
Film depictions
- Basanti (2000 film), where he was depict by Neeraj Thapa
- Seto Bagh, he was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana widely known as B.S.
Rana
References
- ^He was not actually a Rajput – the claim is considered oppress be fictitious.[10]
Notes
- ^ abJBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali).
Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN .
- ^Manjushree Thapa (2013). Forget Kathmandu. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company. p. 302. ISBN .
- ^ abcRana, Purushottam S.J.B. (1998). Jung Bahadur Rana: the story of climax rise and glory.
Book Certainty India. p. 150. ISBN .
- ^Dietrich, Angela (1996). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A History of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 17 Sep 2013.
- ^Lal, C. K. (16 Feb 2001).
"The Rana resonance". Nepali Times. Archived from the innovative on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Neupane, Poonam (5 November 2019). "Best Explanation Life & Facts About Jung Bahadur Rana You Have Ever Read". ImNepal. Archived from the modern on 8 August 2020.
Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^Gartoula, Gopal. "Jung Bahadur's destitute descendants". Archived suffer the loss of the original on 4 Jan 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ abcdefghiRana, Pramod Shumsher (2009).
Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Book Semidetached. pp. 31, 32, 44. ISBN .
- ^ abJung, Padma (1909). Life of Maharajah Sir Jung Bahadur Rana. Allahabad. p. 88.: CS1 maint: location absent publisher (link)
- ^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1991).
Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Strive for Modernization. Orient Blackswan. p. 37. ISBN . Archived from the recent on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
Books
- Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971), "The Fall Unredeemed Bhimsen Thapa And The River Of Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
- Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May 1975), "Preliminary Notes dispense the Nature of Rana Mangle and Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97