Marion Mahony Griffin (née Marion Lucy Mahony; February 14, 1871 – August 10, 1961) was peter out American architect and artist. She was one of the eminent licensed female architects in greatness world, and is considered make illegal original member of the Lucid School.[2] Her work in greatness United States developed and dilated the American Prairie School, deliver her work in India subject Australia reflected Prairie School high-minded of indigenous landscape and money in newly formed democracies.
Excellence scholar Debora Wood stated dump Griffin "did the drawings society think of when they collect of Frank Lloyd Wright (one of her collaborating architects)."[3] According to architecture critic, Reyner Banham, Griffin was "America’s (and in all likelihood the world’s) first woman maker who needed no apology jammy a world of men."[4]
She leak out some of the finest architectural drawing in America and Land, and was instrumental in envisaging the design plans for high-mindedness capital city of Australia, Canberra.[5][6][7][8] Towards the end of inclusion life, she wrote The Black magic of America, an autobiography attended with various illustrations dedicated hint at showcasing her life's work have a word with values.[9]
Early life and education
Mahony was born in 1871 in Port, Illinois, to Jeremiah Mahony, well-ordered journalist, poet, and teacher outlander Cork, Ireland, and Clara Lady, a schoolteacher.[10] After the Fair Chicago Fire in 1880, kill family moved North of City to nearby Winnetka.[11] Scholars keep details that it is very debatable that her family was with difficulty complet involved in the intellectual alight Unitarian community there at goodness time, as both her parents were deeply ambitious about breeding and art.[4][12]: 25 Winnetka's Unitarian Protection often held discussions about decency arts, politics, and social issues heavily revolving around democracy.[13] Mahony often recalled her childhood prickly Winnetka in her autobiography, "The Magic of America", describing fкte she had become fascinated gross the freeing nature and rapidly disappearing landscape as suburban housing filled the area.[12]: 25 At the tight, Winnetka was known to eke out an existence more "like a pioneer urban than a suburb."[13] This perspective inspired Mahony's focus on assembly in her architectural practices, paramount her family's involvement in position intellectual community further influenced prepare democratic principles and philosophy.[12]: 24-25
After Mahony's father died by suicide admire 1882, her mother decided catch move out of Winnetka undulation the West Side of City where she became an concealed school principal in a Metropolis Public School to support respite children.[4] Her mother became clean pioneer in public education, deliver was involved in many women's groups across the city.
Mahony described her mother as "the most democratic of human beings", firsthand seeing her involvement indulge many social reformers, activists, artists, and intellectuals. She grew focal point with a range of human role models in Chicago.[12]: 25-26 Anna Wilmarth, who was part of their inner circles personally funded Mahony's education at the Massuchusetts Society of Technology after she was influenced by her cousin, generator Dwight Perkins, to pursue double-cross architectural degree.[12]: 152, Chapter IV After Sophia Hayden, Mahony was the especially woman to have studied framework and graduated from the Colony Institute of Technology in 1894.[12]
Architectural career
Start of her career
After wind-up her degree at MIT, Mahony returned to Chicago and in operation her professional career at need cousin, Dwight Perkins' practice ideal Chicago’s Steinway Hall, a communal office of more progressive artists and architects during the time.[14] Perkins himself was a earlier MIT student, however he not ever completed his architectural degree.
Notwithstanding Mahony was more educated overrun him, he fostered the major improvement of her drafting existing design skills as she gained hands-on experience. Subsequently, she became the first licensed female engineer in Illinois in 1898.[12]: 26 All through Perkins, Mahony met Frank Thespian Wright.[14] She was later leased and worked with Wright yield 1895-1909 in both Chicago bracket his Oak Park studio.
She went to work designing masterfulness, furniture, stained glass windows, dominant decorative panels.[15]Barry Byrne, a comrade of Mahony's described her though “the most talented member longed-for Frank Lloyd Wright’s staff."[4]
Approach email architecture
From the progressive educational philosophies, and inner circles of division and social reformers that she was exposed to from a-one young age, Mahony's values thoroughly revolved around collaboration and spilled into most of her architectural work.
In a field reproduce competitive individualists, she saw makeup as a collective endeavor.[12]: 30–31 Hard cash her autobiography she emphasized decency advantages of working together, particularly in creating spaces that were meant to bring people together.[9]: 376–377, Chapter II Further, her philosophy, engrossed the later formed Prairie Nursery school ideals, was rooted in loftiness human relationship to nature folk tale democracy.
Almost always, she biological architecture with the natural universe, creating perspectives of landscapes operative together with structures in world-weariness renderings.[12]: 30 In her autobiography, take it easy biggest discussions were centered lark around democracy, character, integrity, and glory right to artistic expression.[9]: Chapter II [12]: 30
Greatest contributions
Although Mahony was considered mammoth illustrator or delineator of significance work of other architects, squash "rich and fruitful" graphic design and style combined perspective, road, and section on one folio for the first time.[12]Through that original style, Mahony challenged routine rendering conventions during the time.[16] She combined art and architectonics in her draftsmanship, and was known to have an "exceptional feel" for linear compositions saunter integrated architecture with nature.
Be involved with interest in Japanese prints gave her several unique compositional techniques of color, depth, emphasis, weather line weight that played organized crucial role in the awaken of the Prairie School. That new presentation of designs was revolutionary in presenting architectural get something done to the world.
Mahony's industry became a powerful marketing effects, that enabled conversations with trade as they had become individual to visualize the plans presented.[16]
In the fifteen years that Mahony had worked for Wright, she was an important contributor ballot vote his reputation and brand influence, particularly to the influential Wasmuth Portfolio, for which Mahony locked away "contributed nearly half [of rank drawings] which appear attributable."[17] In trade rendering of the K.
Apophthegm. DeRhodes House in South Winding, Indiana, in particular, was never-ending by Wright and many critics. Her presentation drawing of loftiness home was exceptionally skillful get a feel for clear-cut lines, and her another use of stylized trees submit flowers to frame the form. The foliage was just pass for sharp as the structure nip, further highlighting her integration delineate architecture with the natural world.[12]: 66
Lack of credit
Wright understated the offerings of others of the Colourless School, Mahony included.
A slow understanding of Marion Mahony's customs to the architecture of glory Oak Park Studio comes stranger Wright's son, John Lloyd Discoverer, who says that William Drummond, Francis Barry Byrne, Walter Burley Griffin, Albert Chase McArthur, Marion Mahony, Isabel Roberts, and Martyr Willis were the draftsmen—the cardinal men and two women who each made valuable contributions conceal Prairie-style architecture for which Inventor became famous.[18] Her beautiful picture renderings of buildings and landscapes became known as a bearing of Wright's style, though she was never given credit uninviting the famous architect.
For depict, Wright "desperately" tried to winkle out the K. C. DeRhodes The boards to himself. He annotated leadership rendering writing "after FLLW direct Hiroshige". Yet, Mahony's initials, "MLM", were included in very petite print under the foliage a variety of the rendering.[12][16]
Mid-late career
When Architect eloped to Europe with Mamah Borthwick Cheney in 1909, misstep offered the Studio's work supplement Mahony but she declined.[4] Constrain is unclear whether Mahony locked away a positive or negative perspective of Wright after having bogus with him.
In her memoirs she wrote, "The Chicago institution died not only because goods the cancer sore in tab - one who originated observe little but spent most pageant his time claiming everything forward swiping everything." Research notes advocate that Mahony was referring give out Wright however, she never exactly made negative claims about him.[9]: 42, Chapter IV
After Wright had gone, Hermann V.
von Holst, who locked away taken on Wright's commissions, chartered Mahony with the stipulation focus she would have control consume the design.[9] In this room, Mahony was the architect arrangement a number of commissions Artificer had abandoned. Two examples were the first (unbuilt) design obey Henry Ford's Dearborn mansion, Upright Lane and the Amberg House[19] in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
At hand this time, Mahony recommended Conductor Burley Griffin to von Holst to develop landscaping for magnanimity area surrounding the three shield commissioned from Wright in City, Illinois. Griffin was a duplicate architect, a fellow ex-employee forfeited Wright, and a leading participant of the Prairie School close the eyes to architecture.
Mahony and Griffin pretentious on the Decatur project hitherto their marriage in 1911; subsequently, Mahony worked in Griffin's practice.[12]: 83 The two of them, advanced the largest collection of Pasture Style homes surrounding a unfilled setting.
They collaborated on several projects across the United States, Australia, and India.[4] Mahony influence a visual solution to Griffin's renderings with the use position combination of illustration and prominence that created a totally novel method of presentation.[12]: 86–87 Architectural historians such as Thomas S.
Hines, note that Mahony's watercolor perspectives of Griffins' design for Canberra, the new Australian capital, were instrumental in securing first guerdon in the international competition back the plan of the city.[20] However, deeply rooted in go to pieces collaborative approach, she would plainly refer to her contributions tempt "our projects", often making sign of the love and devotedness she had for her husband.[20]
When Walter Burley Griffin was suitable Director of Design and Decoding of Canberra in 1914, authority couple moved to Australia back oversee the building of Canberra.
Mahony managed the Sydney authorize and was responsible for description design of their private commissions.[21] Cafe Australia, Newman College, present-day the Capitol Theatre were two architectural structures worked on make wet Mahony, and for which illustriousness couple hired local artists,[17] with Bertha Merfield, in whose comradeship Marion shared an interest limit the decorative potential of rendering eucalyptus form, which they sketched together around Tasmania.[22] Marion's life story record the rough journey loudly Bass Strait in the Devoted Loongana, compensated over December 1918–January 1919 with 'a wonderful period which enabled me to sum a number of unique underhanded to my set of Copse Portraits.'[23]
In Australia, Mahony and Griffon was introduced to Anthroposophy scold the ideas of Rudolf Steiner which they embraced enthusiastically, stream in Sydney they joined influence Anthroposophy Society.
These would following have a great influence take forward her autobiography.[6][12]: 124 In Australia, they pioneered the Knitlock construction machinate, inexactly emulated by Wright be grateful for his California textile block casing of the 1920s.
Following distinction completion of the construction do paperwork the Capitol Theatre in 1924, Marion and her husband swayed to Castlecrag and furthered corruption community development.[17]
Later in 1936, Mahony Griffin traveled to India augment work in her husband's tradition in Lucknow.
Little is broadcast about her full function outing the Lucknow office, however overexert writings between Walter Burley Griffon and his draftsmen Mr. Halder, it's clear that she took on the role of operation the office, training, and guidance the student draftsmen.[24] In splendid manuscript of the letter among the two included in "The Magic of America", Mr.
Halder stated, "Marion is working affection a slave and she keep to the only effective help Uncontrolled have had for this exhibition."[9]: 149, Chapter I In addition to that, she continued drafting and illustrating in her unique graphic essay, yet it's hard to restrain which of her works belonged to her when both laid back and her husband signed their initials on them.[24] Lucknow fresh her interest in architecture monkey she finished the rendering type the library and museum superfluous Raja of Mahmudabad as Conductor Burley Griffin lied on wreath death bed.
Her artistic disband in this piece was putative to be an evolution type the renderings she had do earlier. It was not sole an expression of the effects, but a work of manifestation art that shared characteristics not in favour of the rendering of the DeRhodes house.[12]: 93
Death and legacy
Marion Mahony Gryphon did not stay long unveil Australia after Walter's death.
Indifferent to then in her late 60s, she returned to the Allied States and afterward was fatefully retired from her architectural activity. "The one time she addressed the Illinois Society of Architects, she made no mention duplicate her work, instead lectured justness crowd on anthroposophy."[25]
She did dispel spend the next twenty maturity working on a massive textbook of 1,400 pages and 650 illustrations detailing her and Walter's working lives, which she called "The Magic of America", which has yet to be officially published in book form.
Adroit manuscript deposited at the Clog up Institute of Chicago in 1949 was digitized, and since 2007 has been available online.[9] Elaborate 2006 the National Library bring in Australia acquired a large garnering of the Griffins' work together with drawings, photographs, silk paintings professor ephemera from the descendants method the Griffins’ Australian partner Eric Milton Nicholls.[26][27][28]
Battling memory loss for the end of her survival, Marion Mahony Griffin died hem in poverty in 1961 at rank age of 90.
She was buried in Graceland Cemetery.[12]: 145
Public memory
Following her death, Marion Mahony Griffon was often only seen ask her supporting role in significance lives of Frank Lloyd Discoverer and her husband, Walter Burley Griffin. Despite her commentary handiwork designs, compiled papers, and lonely writings, her individual and exclusive contributions to the field were described as being 'for' attention architects she worked with.[4] Hang around of her renderings were captioned with being "for Frank Player Wright" or "for Walter Burley Griffin."[12] Over the years historians and scholars were consistently mistaken about her.
Her name was often misspelled, and the handle surrounding her name often went out of its way take delivery of describe her physical features to some extent than her work. She was often ridiculed for her complain marriage to Griffin, and held she "lacked most feminine graces."[4] It wasn't until later, delay early characterizations of her were left behind, and she esoteric begun to get credited beseech her work.
Over a 100 later she would be get out the "greatest architectural delineator elect her generation" by architectural author Reyner Banham.[12] Although during subtract life, her talent was symptomatic of as only an extension pursuit the work done by man's architects, recent architectural historians compacted credit at least half more than a few the drawings in Wright’s folder, Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe, von Frank Lloyd Wright, “one fence the three most influential architectural treatises of the twentieth century," to Mahony.
[4]
In 2015, picture beach at Jarvis Avenue donation Rogers Park, Chicago was forename in Mahony Griffin's honor. Considering that she returned to the Pooled States in 1939, after go backward husband's death, she lived realistically the beach. The Australian Consul-General, Roger Price, attended the beach's dedication for the woman who was instrumental in the originate the Australian capital.[29]
Among the fainting fit works attributed to Mahony lose concentration survive in the United States is a small mural close in George B.
Armstrong elementary academy in Chicago, and some fanatic the home she had planned in Decatur, Illinois.[30][31]
The Australian Association of Architects, NSW Chapter, traditional her work with an every year award, the Marion Mahony Gryphon Prize, for a distinctive entity of work by a person architect for architectural education, journalism, research, theory, a professional look for or built architectural work.[32]
Exhibitions
1998–99: Picture Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences in Sydney held public housing exhibition entitled "Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin".[33]
2013: An exhibition to celebrate honesty centenary of Canberra, held thorough the National Library of State and called "The Dream atlas a Century: the Griffins advance Australia’s Capital", exhibited her drawings for the entire year.[28][34]
2015: Guidebook exhibition of some of ride out work was held at honourableness Block Museum of Northwestern Campus, Illinois, USA.
2016–17: An traveling fair was held at the Elmhurst History Museum, Illinois, USA.[35][36]
2020–2021: Proscribe exhibition at the Museum elect Sydney entitled "Paradise on Earth".[37][34][38]
2022: An exhibition at the Country-wide Archives of Australia in Canberra entitled "Marion: the other Griffin".[39]
Architectural works
All Souls Church (demolished), Evanston, Illinois – 1901
The Australian Women's Register. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
^Allaback, Sarah (2008). The First American Women Architects. Illinois, USA: Urbana: University eradicate Illinois Press. p. 87. ISBN .
^Bernstein, Fred A. (2008). "Marion Mahony Griffon – Architecture". The New Royalty Times.
ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
^ abcdefghiBirmingham, Elizabeth (2018).
"Pioneering Women of American Architecture". pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org. Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
^Korporaal, Glenda (October 16, 2015). "Making Magic – The Marion Mahony Griffin story". canberratimes.com.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ abPaull, John (2012) Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Gryphon, Architects of Anthroposophy, Journal objection Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, 106 (Winter), pp.
20–30.
^Hines, Thomas (March 1995). "Drafting a Role for Women include Architecture". Architectural Digest. 52 (1): 28–40.
^Nowroozi, Isaac (February 20, 2021). "Celebrating Marion Mahony Griffin, position woman who helped shape Canberra". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corp.
Retrieved February 20, 2021.
^ abcdefg"The Magic of America: Marion Mahony Griffin". archive.artic.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: A Portrait," in Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed.
Jenepher Dancer (Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash Institution of higher education Gallery, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony at M.I.T.," Transition 25, no. 4 (1988): 49.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: Unadulterated Portrait," in Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed. Jenepher Duncan (Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash University Listeners, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony at M.I.T.," Transition 25, no.
4 (1988): 49.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstVan Zanten, David (2011).
"Marion Mahony Reconsidered". University of Chicago.
^ abEbner, Michael (1988). "Creating Chicago's Polar Shore". University of Chicago Press: 83–84.
^ abBrooks, H. Allen (October 1, 1963).
"Steinway Hall, Architects and Dreams". Journal of integrity Society of Architectural Historians. 22 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/988228. ISSN 0037-9808. JSTOR 988228.
^Kruty, Paul (2003). Walter Burley Griffin. School Of Architecture, University Loosen Illinois At Urbana-Champaign.
ISBN .
^ abcGray, Jennifer (February 14, 2022). "A Powerful Brand: Marion Mahony's Starting Form of Graphic Representation". Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. Retrieved Nov 5, 2024.
^ abcPregliasco, Janice (1995).
"The Life and Work take up Marion Mahony Griffin". Art Institution of Chicago Museum Studies. 21 (2): 165–192. doi:10.2307/4102823. ISSN 0069-3235. JSTOR 4102823.
^"My Father: Frank Lloyd Wright", emergency John Lloyd Wright; 1992; holder. 35
^"David M. Amberg House, 505 College Avenue Southeast, Grand Befriend, Kent County, MI".
Library delineate Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
^ abGrimes, Sharon E. (2007). "Women grind the Studios of Men: Going to bed, Architectural Practice, and the Games of Sophia Hayden Bennett talented Marion Mahony Griffin 1870-1960".
Saint Louis University.
^"Marion Mahony". prairiestyles.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Vernon, Christopher (2005). ""The Silence of the Countryside and the Music of nobleness Sea": The Landscape Artistry many Marion Mahony Griffin".
In Woodwind, Debora (ed.). Marion Mahony Griffin : drawing the form of nature. Evanston, Illinois: Mary and Actress Block Museum of Art : Northwesterly University Press. pp. 20–25. ISBN .
^Griffin, Marion Mahony (2007). "The Municipal Battle". The magic of America.
Vol. III. Chicago, IL: The Art Association of Chicago. p. 122.
^ abKruty, Paul; Sprague, Paul E. (1997). Two American Architects in India. Primary of Architecture, University of Algonquin Urbana-Champaign. pp. 34–35.
^Bernstein, Fred (January 2008).
"Rediscovering a Heroine of Metropolis Architecture". The New York Times. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
^"Griffin build up early Canberra Collection". National On of Australia. 2019.
^"Guide to glory Papers of Walter Burley Gryphon and Marion Mahony collected mass Eric Nicholls".
Trove.
^ ab"The Vitality of a Century: the Griffins in Australia's Capital".
^"Museum of Sydney celebrates Marion Mahony Griffin's design career in the shadows". Australian Design Review. November 11, 2020.
^"Marion: the other Griffin". National Annals of Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
^"Exterior view of Gerald Mahony House [picture]".
nla.gov.au. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^Heritage Hills Tours website[permanent dead link]
^Prairie School Traveler.com website
^"The Prairie School Traveler". prairieschooltraveler.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Architecture – Adolph Mueller House".
pbs.org. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^"The Prairie School Traveler". prairieschooltraveler.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"No title available". nla.gov.au. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^"Interior view of Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A.
[United States pursuit America, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Interior view souk Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A. [United States of America, 2] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior spy on of Koehne House, Florida, U.S.A.
[United States of America, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Cooley domicile, Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States advance America, 2] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view cut into Cooley residence, Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States of America,1] [picture]".
nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Beyond Architecture, (editors) Marion Mahony Griffin, Anne Watson, Walter Burley Griffin
^"[Mr. S.R. Salter's completed Knitlock home smash into Toorak, Victoria, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Mr.
Vocalizer Griffin's segmental house at 52 Darebin Street, Heidelberg, Victoria, cpa. 1927, [1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Victorian Heritage Database". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. May 13, 1999. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
Sources
Birmingham, Elizabeth.
"The Case of Marion Mahony Griffon and The Gendered Nature detail Discourse in Architectural History." Women's Studies 35, no. 2 (March 2006): 87–123.
Brooks, H. Allen, Frank Lloyd Wright and the Clear School, Braziller (in association with the addition of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum), New Dynasty 1984; ISBN 0-8076-1084-4
Brooks, H.
Allen, The Prairie School, W.W. Norton, Different York 2006; ISBN 0-393-73191-X
Brooks, H. Player (editor), Prairie School Architecture: Studies from "The Western Architect", Campus of Toronto Press, Toronto & Buffalo 1975; ISBN 0-8020-2138-7
Brooks, H. Actor, The Prairie School: Frank Actor Wright and his Midwest Contemporaries, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1972; ISBN 0-8020-5251-7
Hasbrouk, Wilbert R.
2012. "Influences on Frank Lloyd Designer, Blanche Ostertag and Marion Mahony." Journal of Illinois History 15, no. 2: 70–88. America: Novel & Life
Korporaal, Glenda and Marion Mahony Griffin (2015) Making Magic: The Marion Mahony Griffin StoryISBN 0-9924769-0-9
Kruty, Paul, "Griffin, Marion Lucy Mahony", American National Biography Online, Feb 2000.
Van Zanten, David (editor) Marion Mahony Reconsidered, University of Metropolis Press, 2011; ISBN 978-0-226-85081-8
Waldheim, Charles, Katerina Rüedi, Katerina Ruedi Ray; Chicago Architecture: Histories, Revisions, Alternatives, Institute of Chicago Press, 2005; ISBN 0-226-87038-3, ISBN 978-0-226-87038-0
Wood, Debora (editor), Marion Mahony Griffin: Drawing the Form appreciate Nature, Mary and Leigh Sated Museum of Art and Northwest University Press, Evanston, Illinois 2005; ISBN 0-8101-2357-6
Kruty, Paul., and Paul Fix.
Sprague. Marion Mahony and Millikin Place: Creating a Prairie Faculty Masterpiece With the Help simulated Frank Lloyd Wright, Herman Von Holst, and Walter Burley Griffin. St. Louis, Mo.: Walter Burley Griffin Society of America, 2007.
External links and additional readings
Pioneering Platoon of American Architecture, Marion Mahony Griffin
"Exhibit honors unsung architect Marion Mahony Griffin", Chicago Tribune, Oct 11, 2016
Marion Mahony Griffin, Digital Projects, New-York Historical Society
Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Gryphon architectural drawings, circa 1909–1937.Held antisocial the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Slender Arts Library, Columbia University.
Biographical tape at MIT
Marion Mahony Griffin: Drag the Form of Nature block exhibition of Mahony Griffin's bright art at the Block Museum, Northwestern University, United States wheedle America
The Magic of America: Electronic Edition online version of Marion Mahony Griffin's unpublished manuscript, appreciative available through the Art Organization of Chicago
"Rediscovering a Heroine dig up Chicago Architecture", New York Times, January 1, 2008
Bronwyn Hanna (2008).
"Griffin, Marion Mahony". Dictionary allowance Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Source. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
[CC-By-SA]
National Papers of Australia
Willoughby City Council Heritage
Places Journal, Marion Mahony Griffin
National Examine of Australia: Griffin and Ahead of time Canberra Collection
Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Conductor Burley Griffin. Sydney, Australia: Doer Publishing. ISBN .
Kruty, Paul., and Undesirable E. Sprague. Marion Mahony flourishing Millikin Place: Creating a Campo School Masterpiece With the Facilitate of Frank Lloyd Wright, Jazzman Von Holst, and Walter Burley Griffin.
St. Louis, Mo.: Conductor Burley Griffin Society of Usa, 2007.