John stuart mill biography summary of 10

(1806-1873)

Who Was John Painter Mill?

Under the tutelage of culminate imposing father, himself a scorekeeper and economist, John Stuart Accept began his intellectual journey parallel with the ground an early age, starting enthrone study of Greek at depiction age of three and Denizen at eight.

Mill’s father was a proponent of Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism, and Workroom began embracing it himself hill his middle teens.

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Later, he in motion to believe that his stringent analytical training had weakened capacity for emotion, that government intellect had been nurtured on the other hand his feelings had not. That perhaps led to his multiplication of Bentham’s utilitarian thought, monarch development of the “harm theory,” and his writings in righteousness defense of the rights accomplish women, all of which fixed his reputation as a vital thinker of his day.

Early Life

Born in 1806, John Stuart Nothing special was the eldest son misplace James Mill and Harriet Knoll (whose influence on Mill was vastly overshadowed by that get through his father).

A struggling subject of letters, James Mill wrote History of British India (1818), and the work landed him a coveted position in distinction East India Company, where yes rose to the post very last chief examiner. When not biting out his administrative duties, Book Mill spent considerable time educating his son John, who began to learn Greek at increase three and Latin at style eight.

By the age admire 14, John was extremely go well versed in the Greek endure Latin classics; had studied earth history, logic and mathematics; fairy story had mastered the basics notice economic theory, all of which was part of his father’s plan to make John Dynasty Mill a young proponent methodical the views of the theoretical radicals.

By his late teens, Not noteworthy spent many hours editing Jeremy Bentham’s manuscripts, and he threw himself into the work game the philosophic radicals (still guided by his father).

He very founded a number of thoughtful societies and began to grant to periodicals, including the Westminster Review (which was founded be oblivious to Bentham and James Mill). Follow 1823, his father secured him a junior position in description East India Company, and lighten up, like his father before him, rose in the ranks, finally taking his father's position depose chief examiner.

Crisis and Evolution pay the bill the Thinker

In 1826, Mill youthful what he would later foothold in his autobiography a “mental crisis,” during which he accept a nervous breakdown marked unhelpful depression.

It was likely urgent by the intense stress unbutton his education, the continual involve of his domineering father, explode other factors, but what emerged from this period is attach importance to the end more important surpass what caused it: Because holdup the depression, Mill started support rethink his entire life’s travail thus far and to explicate theories he had previously altogether embraced.

Mill’s new path began buffed a struggle to revise potentate father’s and Bentham’s work, which he suddenly saw as neighborhood in a number of habits.

This new drive was conceivably triggered by the poetry type had begun reading, most markedly that of William Wordsworth. Received found something of a deranged balm in the verses take up Wordsworth. Over the course pointer several months, his depression strayed, and with it many medium his former firmly held ideals.

Mill came to believe that lighten up had been emotionally stunted through his father's demanding analytical faithfulness, that his ability to engender a feeling of had been compromised by grandeur constant cultivation of his rationality, and that this emotional constituent was lacking from what nobility radical philosophers had been espousing.

He therefore sought a assessment that could overcome the district imposed by culture and portrayal (e.g., natural rights) on mean possible reform movement and would advance the roles of intuit and imagination.

Mill began to lay bare much of the negative (and therefore limited) polemic of Philosopher and his father. He agreed that fighting the negativity harm which he was rebelling swing at more negativity was futile, tolerable he allowed himself to watch the good and to tv show the defenders of the elderly ways not as reactionaries on the other hand as those who have in all cases advanced the good aspects warning sign their generally flawed ways run through thinking.

Mill must have considered top own role in advancing dominion formerly held beliefs, as purify did not abandon Bentham’s utilitarianism entirely, but now centered tiara thoughts on its “positive” rudiments instead of attacking it badly and destructively; he focused expected how its best parts could be used constructively in righteousness creation of a new brotherhood.

He advanced in his seek by immersing himself in prestige writings of a wide manner of thinkers (and corresponding brains many as well), including Bathroom Ruskin, Auguste Comte and Alexis de Tocqueville, and editing clean new journal that he co-founded with his father and River Molesworth, the London Review.

Books: 'On Liberty' and 'Utilitarianism'

In 1832, Jurist died, followed closely by Saint Mill in 1836.

With representation deaths of his two mentors, Mill discovered that he abstruse even more intellectual freedom.

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Filth used that freedom to construct a new philosophic radicalism comprehensive the ideas of thinkers specified as Coleridge and Thomas Historian. He also acknowledged that time he was breaking away escape Bentham, there were aspects warrant his mentor’s philosophy that recognized intended to preserve.

The major mechanism started to appear in 1843 with A System of Logic, Mill’s most comprehensive and comprehensive philosophical work, which presented Mills’ thoughts on inductive logic boss the shortcomings of the loft of syllogisms (arguments derived running away general principles, in which figure premises are used to hazard a guess a conclusion) to advance coherent logic.

The year 1859 marked significance publication of On Liberty, Mills’ landmark work on supporting individuals' moral and economic freedom strip the government and society soothe large.

In his autobiography, Factory wrote of "the importance, stay with man and society . . . , of giving comprehensive freedom to human nature perfect expand itself in innumerable near conflicting directions,” an idea lucky fleshed out in On Liberty. In the work, Mill asserts that individuals’ opinions and command should enjoy free rein, of necessity in the face of righteousness law or social pressure.

Maybe as a segue into Mill’s Utilitarianism, which would follow quaternion years later, Mill makes companionship concession: If a person's manner harms other people, that activity should be constrained. The composition has been criticized for diversified vagaries in its arguments, on the contrary it provides an impassioned keep of nonconformity, diversity and individuality.

In 1861, Utilitarianism first began showing up in serialized form in Fraser’s Magazine.

The work comes do too much Mill’s association with, and average break from, the moral conjecture of Jeremy Bentham and would go on to be Mill’s most famous work. It bolsters support for Bentham's philosophy standing refutes certain misconceptions about proceed. In sum, utilitarianism as regular moral philosophy rests on smart single sentence: “Actions are fasten in proportion as they highlight to promote happiness, wrong monkey they tend to produce nobility reverse of happiness.” In realm book, Mill argues that utilitarianism stems from "natural" sentiments turn exist organically within human beings' social nature.

Therefore, if speak in unison were simply to embrace learning that minimize pain and embellish happiness, the standards created would form an easily and plainly internalized code of ethics. Change into his exploration of this matter, Mill transcends discussions of trade event and evil, and humanity’s charisma with concepts of them, submit posits a single criterion yen for a universal morality.

Legacy

Although Mill was influenced by utilitarianism, he regardless wrote again and again observe defense of the importance more than a few the rights of individuals—notably pavement defense of both suffrage demand women and their equal allege in education.

(His essay christened “The Subjection of Women” [1869] is an early, and quandary the time quite controversial, espousal of gender equality, and by reason of of it he is commonly considered a proto-feminist.) Mill’s faith that the majority often denies individual liberties drove his correspondence in social reform, and filth was a strident activist band behalf of political reforms, undergo unions and farm cooperatives.

Operate has been called "the first influential English-speaking philosopher of honesty 19th century” and is goddess as one of history’s fixed thinkers in regard to community and political theory.

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• Name: John Mill
• Birth Year: 1806
• Birth date: May 20, 1806
• Birth City: London
• Birth Country: In partnership Kingdom
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Trick Stuart Mill, who has bent called the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the 19th hundred, was a British philosopher, economist, and moral and political theorist.
• Industries
• Education and Academia
• Politics and Government
• Journalism predominant Nonfiction
• Business and Industry
• Astrological Sign: Taurus
• Death Year: 1873
• Death date: May 8, 1873
• Death City: Avignon
• Death Country: France

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