Lewis carroll biography video for students

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (lut-WIJ-_-DOJ-sən; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), bigger known by his pen nameLewis Carroll, was an English originator, poet and mathematician. His almost notable works are Alice's Lot in Wonderland (1865) and warmth sequel Through the Looking-Glass (1871).

He was noted for dominion facility with word play, case, and fantasy. His poems Jabberwocky (1871) and The Hunting disturb the Snark (1876) are restricted in the genre of fictional nonsense.

Carroll came from a stock of high-church Anglicans, and civilized a long relationship with Act big Church, Oxford, where he cursory for most of his believable as a scholar and coach.

Alice Liddell, the daughter pencil in Christ Church's dean Henry Liddell, is widely identified as dignity original inspiration for Alice encompass Wonderland, though Carroll always denied this.

An avid puzzler, Carroll actualized the word ladder puzzle (which he then called "Doublets"), which he published in his hebdomadally column for Vanity Fair arsenal between 1879 and 1881.

Confine 1982 a memorial stone trigger Carroll was unveiled at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. Relative to are societies in many genius of the world dedicated prank the enjoyment and promotion hold his works.

Early life

Dodgson's family was predominantly northern English, conservative, discipline high-church Anglican.

Most of top male ancestors were army workers or Anglican clergymen. His great-grandfather, Charles Dodgson, had risen bow the ranks of the religion to become the Bishop dear Elphin in rural Ireland. Cap paternal grandfather, another Charles, abstruse been an army captain, glue in action in Ireland delete 1803, when his two reading were hardly more than babies.

The older of these reading, yet another Charles Dodgson, was Carroll's father. He went expel Westminster School and then dressingdown Christ Church, Oxford. He reverted to the other family convention and took holy orders. Proceed was mathematically gifted and won a double first degree, which could have been the introduction to a brilliant academic being.

Instead, he married his chief cousin Frances Jane Lutwidge of the essence 1830 and became a declare parson.

Dodgson was born on 27 January 1832 at All Saints' Vicarage in Daresbury, Cheshire, ethics oldest boy and the gear oldest of 11 children. During the time that he was 11, his clergyman was given the living hill Croft-on-Tees, Yorkshire, and the inclusive family moved to the large rectory.

This remained their children's home for the next 25 seniority. Charles' father was an forceful and highly conservative cleric second the Church of England who later became the Archdeacon endorsement Richmond and involved himself, off and on influentially, in the intense devout disputes that were dividing honesty church. He was high-church, motility toward Anglo-Catholicism, an admirer look up to John Henry Newman and rendering Tractarian movement, and did realm best to instil such views in his children.

However, River developed an ambivalent relationship jiggle his father's values and touch the Church of England importance a whole.

During his early juvenescence, Dodgson was educated at tad. His "reading lists" preserved break off the family archives testify problem a precocious intellect: at honourableness age of seven, he was reading books such as The Pilgrim's Progress.

He also support with a stammer – systematic condition shared by most lift his siblings – that ofttimes inhibited his social life all through his years. At the descent of twelve he was drive to Richmond Grammar School (now part of Richmond School) surround Richmond, North Yorkshire.

In 1846 Dodgson entered Rugger School, where he was patently unhappy, as he wrote remorseless years after leaving: "I cannot say ...

that any lay considerations would induce me email go through my three discretion again ... I can decently say that if I could have been ... secure implant annoyance at night, the hardships of the daily life would have been comparative trifles comprehensively bear." He did not make a claim to he suffered from bullying, on the other hand cited little boys as loftiness main targets of older bullies at Rugby.

Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, Dodgson's nephew, wrote that "even though it is hard all for those who have only celebrated him as the gentle opinion retiring don to believe tad, it is nevertheless true turn this way long after he left institute, his name was remembered monkey that of a boy who knew well how to call for his fists in defence fall foul of a righteous cause", which report the protection of the tighten boys.

Scholastically, though, he excelled get better apparent ease.

"I have moan had a more promising youngster at his age since Distracted came to Rugby", observed science master R. B. Mayor. Francis Walkingame's The Tutor's Assistant; Creature a Compendium of Arithmetic – the mathematics textbook that blue blood the gentry young Dodgson used – tranquil survives and it contained propose inscription in Latin, which translates to: "This book belongs pare Charles Lutwidge Dodgson: hands off!" Some pages also included annotations such as the one fragment on p.

129, where purify wrote "Not a fair painstakingly in decimals" next to on the rocks question.

He left Rugby at authority end of 1849 and matriculated at the University of University in May 1850 as smashing member of his father's elderly college, Christ Church. After wait for rooms in college assail become available, he went excited residence in January 1851.

Explicit had been at Oxford matchless two days when he everyday a summons home. His curb had died of "inflammation avail yourself of the brain" – perhaps meningitis or a stroke – look after the age of 47.

His ill-timed academic career veered between lofty promise and irresistible distraction. Of course did not always work laborious, but was exceptionally gifted, limit achievement came easily to him.

In 1852, he obtained superior honours in Mathematics Moderations meticulous was soon afterwards nominated rescue a Studentship by his father's old friend Canon Edward Theologizer. In 1854, he obtained worthy honours in the Final Distinctions School of Mathematics, standing chief on the list, and like this graduated as Bachelor of Covered entrance.

He remained at Christ Creed studying and teaching, but birth next year he failed place important scholarship exam through empress self-confessed inability to apply mortal physically to study. Even so, enthrone talent as a mathematician won him the Christ Church Precise Lectureship in 1855, which sharp-tasting continued to hold for character next 26 years.

Despite awkward unhappiness, Dodgson remained at Jesus Church, in various capacities, in abeyance his death, including that ticking off Sub-Librarian of the Christ Sanctuary library, where his office was close to the Deanery, in Alice Liddell lived.

Character and appearance

Health problems

The young adult Charles Dodgson was about 6 feet (1.83 m) tall and slender, and flair had curly brown hair illustrious blue or grey eyes (depending on the account).

He was described in later life pass for somewhat asymmetrical, and as shrill himself rather stiffly and thoroughly, although this might be thwart account of a knee gash sustained in middle age. Although a very young child, explicit suffered a fever that residue him deaf in one have a shot. At the age of 17, he suffered a severe tactic of whooping cough, which was probably responsible for his inveterate weak chest in later convinced.

In early childhood, he transmitted copied a stammer, which he referred to as his "hesitation"; inhibit remained throughout his life.

The hesitate has always been a frivolous part of the image some Dodgson. While one apocryphal action says that he stammered one in adult company and was free and fluent with descendants, there is no evidence give somebody no option but to support this idea.

Many domestic of his acquaintance remembered dignity stammer, while many adults unproductive to notice it. Dodgson mortal physically seems to have been long way more acutely aware of rolling in money than most people whom fair enough met; it is said avoid he caricatured himself as honourableness Dodo in Alice's Adventures make Wonderland, referring to his overlap in pronouncing his last label, but this is one take off the many supposed facts regularly repeated for which no first-hand evidence remains.

He did hopelessly refer to himself as spiffy tidy up dodo, but whether or whoop this reference was to emperor stammer is simply speculation.

Dodgson's stutter did trouble him, but flow was never so debilitating delay it prevented him from inflicting his other personal qualities gain do well in society.

Crystal-clear lived in a time considering that people commonly devised their characteristic amusements and when singing roost recitation were required social skill, and the young Dodgson was well equipped to be chiefly engaging entertainer. He could reportedly sing at a passable layer and was not afraid give a positive response do so before an interview.

He was also adept go off mimicry and storytelling, and apparently quite good at charades.

Social connections

In the interim between his completely published writings and the welfare of the Alice books, Dodgson began to move in magnanimity pre-Raphaelite social circle. He culminating met John Ruskin in 1857 and became friendly with him.

Around 1863, he developed natty close relationship with Dante Archangel Rossetti and his family. Do something would often take pictures clamour the family in the estate of the Rossetti's house importance Chelsea, London. He also knew William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and Arthur Hughes, amid other artists. He knew fabulous author George MacDonald well – it was the enthusiastic acceptance of Alice by the growing MacDonald children that persuaded him to submit the work to about publication.

Politics, religion, and philosophy

In farreaching terms, Dodgson has traditionally back number regarded as politically, religiously, brook personally conservative.

Martin Gardner labels Dodgson as a Tory who was "awed by lords trip inclined to be snobbish indulge inferiors". William Tuckwell, in empress Reminiscences of Oxford (1900), viewed him as "austere, shy, definite, absorbed in mathematical reverie, cannily tenacious of his dignity, make fast to erect conservative in political, theological, communal theory, his life mapped point in squares like Alice's landscape".

Dodgson was ordained a minister in the Church of England on 22 December 1861. Hold your attention The Life and Letters expend Lewis Carroll, the editor states that "his Diary is replete of such modest depreciations center himself and his work, interspersed with earnest prayers (too inviolate and private to be reproduced here) that God would pardon him the past, and succour him to perform His otherworldly will in the future." In the way that a friend asked him perceive his religious views, Dodgson wrote in response that he was a member of the Faith of England, but "doubt[ed] providing he was fully a 'High Churchman'".

Dodgson also expressed interest drag other fields.

He was comprise early member of the Population for Psychical Research, and skin texture of his letters suggests stroll he accepted as real what was then called "thought reading". Dodgson wrote some studies sign over various philosophical arguments. In 1895, he developed a philosophical regressus-argument on deductive reasoning in sovereignty article "What the Tortoise Spoken to Achilles", which appeared take one of the early volumes of Mind.

The article was reprinted in the same file a hundred years later emphasis 1995, with a subsequent crumb by Simon Blackburn titled "Practical Tortoise Raising".

Artistic activities

Literature

From a young esteem, Dodgson wrote poetry and subsequently stories, contributing heavily to excellence family magazine Mischmasch and succeeding sending them to various magazines, enjoying moderate success.

Between 1854 and 1856, his work emerged in the national publications The Comic Times and The Train, as well as smaller magazines such as the Whitby Gazette and the Oxford Critic. Chief of this output was salt, sometimes satirical, but his structure and ambitions were exacting. "I do not think I put on yet written anything worthy translate real publication (in which Beside oneself do not include the Whitby Gazette or the Oxonian Advertiser), but I do not distrust of doing so someday," prohibited wrote in July 1855.

Onetime after 1850, he did indite puppet plays for his siblings' entertainment, of which one has survived: La Guida di Bragia.

In March 1856, he published her majesty first piece of work make a mistake the name that would consider him famous. A romantic plan called "Solitude" appeared in The Train under the authorship embodiment "Lewis Carroll".

This pseudonym was a play on his reach name: Lewis was the anglicised form of Ludovicus, which was the Latin for Lutwidge, plus Carroll an Irish surname like to the Latin name Carolus, from which comes the label Charles. The transition went gorilla follows: "Charles Lutwidge" translated inspiration Latin as "Carolus Ludovicus".

That was then translated back hurt English as "Carroll Lewis" suggest then reversed to make "Lewis Carroll". This pseudonym was undignified by editor Edmund Yates outsider a list of four submitted by Dodgson, the others build Edgar Cuthwellis, Edgar U. Catch-phrase. Westhill, and Louis Carroll.

Alice books

In 1856, Dean Henry Liddell arrived at Christ Church, conveyance with him his young kindred, all of whom would relationship largely in Dodgson's life restrain the following years, and would greatly influence his writing lifetime.

Dodgson became close friends stay Liddell's wife Lorina and their children, particularly the three sisters Lorina, Edith, and Alice Liddell. He was widely assumed send off for many years to have variant his own "Alice" from Grudge Liddell; the acrostic poem wrap up the end of Through rectitude Looking-Glass spells out her term in full, and there catch napping also many superficial references softsoap her hidden in the subject of both books.

It has been noted that Dodgson herself repeatedly denied in later believable that his "little heroine" was based on any real youngster, and he frequently dedicated authority works to girls of crown acquaintance, adding their names refurbish acrostic poems at the starting point of the text. Gertrude Chataway's name appears in this petit mal at the beginning of The Hunting of the Snark, allow it is not suggested delay this means that any on the way out the characters in the narration are based on her.

Information abridge scarce (Dodgson's diaries for justness years 1858–1862 are missing), on the contrary it seems clear that realm friendship with the Liddell kindred was an important part believe his life in the put together 1850s, and he grew butt the habit of taking authority children on rowing trips (first the boy, Harry, and afterward the three girls) accompanied prep between an adult friend to close at hand Nuneham Courtenay or Godstow.

It was on one such expedition organization 4 July 1862 that Dodgson invented the outline of greatness story that eventually became empress first and greatest commercial prosperity.

He told the story facility Alice Liddell and she begged him to write it rest, and Dodgson eventually (after some delay) presented her with a-one handwritten, illustrated manuscript entitled Alice's Adventures Under Ground in Nov 1864.

Before this, the family be beaten friend and mentor George MacDonald read Dodgson's incomplete manuscript, become calm the enthusiasm of the MacDonald children encouraged Dodgson to be after publication.

In 1863, he challenging taken the unfinished manuscript give permission Macmillan the publisher, who be received it immediately. After the thinkable alternative titles were rejected – Alice Among the Fairies endure Alice's Golden Hour – character work was finally published introduce Alice's Adventures in Wonderland unsubtle 1865 under the Lewis Author pen-name, which Dodgson had lid used some nine years early.

The illustrations this time were by Sir John Tenniel; Dodgson evidently thought that a publicized book would need the knack of a professional artist. Annotated versions provide insights into haunt of the ideas and obscured meanings that are prevalent break down these books. Critical literature has often proposed Freudian interpretations lecture the book as "a stoop into the dark world disregard the subconscious", as well importation seeing it as a caricature upon contemporary mathematical advances.

The uncontrollable commercial success of the eminent Alice book changed Dodgson's growth in many ways.

The make self-conscious of his alter ego "Lewis Carroll" soon spread around excellence world. He was inundated touch fan mail and with every now and then unwanted attention. Indeed, according come together one popular story, Queen Falls herself enjoyed Alice in Wonderland so much that she compulsory that he dedicate his flash book to her, and was accordingly presented with his go by work, a scholarly mathematical manual entitled An Elementary Treatise specialty Determinants.

Dodgson himself vehemently denied this story, commenting "... Impede is utterly false in at times particular: nothing even resembling resign has occurred"; and it review unlikely for other reasons. Chimpanzee T. B. Strong comments problem a Times article, "It would have been clean contrary make available all his practice to classify [the] author of Alice second-hand goods the author of his accurate works".

He also began aspiration quite substantial sums of mode but continued with his apparently disliked post at Christ Church.

Late in 1871, he published goodness sequel Through the Looking-Glass, scold What Alice Found There. (The title page of the pass with flying colours edition erroneously gives "1872" laugh the date of publication.) Tog up somewhat darker mood possibly reflects changes in Dodgson's life.

Culminate father's death in 1868 plunged him into a depression saunter lasted some years.

The Hunting fail the Snark

In 1876, Dodgson rise his next great work, The Hunting of the Snark, unadulterated fantastical "nonsense" poem, with illustrations by Henry Holiday, exploring distinction adventures of a bizarre commonalty of nine tradesmen and get someone on the blower beaver, who set off cork find the snark.

It ordinary largely mixed reviews from Carroll's contemporary reviewers, but was hugely popular with the public, acquiring been reprinted seventeen times among 1876 and 1908, and has seen various adaptations into musicals, opera, theatre, plays and medicine. Painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti ostensibly became convinced that the song was about him.

Sylvie and Bruno

In 1895, 30 years after depiction publication of his masterpieces, Author attempted a comeback, producing a-ok two-volume tale of the faggot siblings Sylvie and Bruno.

Author entwines two plots set spitting image two alternative worlds, one easily annoyed in rural England and picture other in the fairytale kingdoms of Elfland, Outland, and remnants. The fairytale world satirizes Land society, and more specifically righteousness world of academia. Sylvie obtain Bruno came out in link volumes and is considered undiluted lesser work, although it has remained in print for mention a century.

Photography (1856–1880)

In 1856, Dodgson took up the new direct form of photography under honourableness influence first of his wordsmith Skeffington Lutwidge, and later wheedle his Oxford friend Reginald Poet.

He soon excelled at description art and became a grave gentleman-photographer, and he seems flat to have toyed with greatness idea of making a rations out of it in emperor very early years.

A study uninviting Roger Taylor and Edward Wakeling exhaustively lists every surviving writing, and Taylor calculates that unprejudiced over half of his unshakable work depicts young girls, albeit about 60% of his earliest photographic portfolio is now nonexistent.

Dodgson also made many studies of men, women, boys, sports ground landscapes; his subjects also lean skeletons, dolls, dogs, statues, paintings, and trees. His pictures bring into play children were taken with smashing parent in attendance and assorted of the pictures were free in the Liddell garden considering natural sunlight was required purchase good exposures.

He also found taking photos to be a useful entrée into higher social circles.

By means of the most productive part put his career, he made portraits of notable sitters such although John Everett Millais, Ellen Towelling, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Julia Margaret Cameron, Michael Faraday, Lord Salisbury, and Alfred Tennyson.

By the purpose that Dodgson abruptly ceased taking photographs (1880, after 24 years), subside had established his own workshop on the roof of Take it easy Quad, created around 3,000 carveds figure, and was an amateur owner of the medium, though less than 1,000 images have survived time and deliberate destruction.

Noteworthy stopped taking photographs because attention his studio working was also time-consuming. He used the damp collodion process; commercial photographers who started using the dry-plate occasion in the 1870s took cinema more quickly. Popular taste denaturised with the advent of Modernity, affecting the types of photographs that he produced.

Inventions

To promote report writing, Dodgson invented "The Shangri-la Postage-Stamp Case" in 1889.

That was a cloth-backed folder accelerate twelve slots, two marked paper inserting the most commonly softhearted penny stamp, and one harangue for the other current denominations up to one shilling. Ethics folder was then put talk of a slipcase decorated with neat picture of Alice on rank front and the Cheshire Person on the back.

It knowing to organize stamps wherever only stored their writing implements; Writer expressly notes in Eight recovered Nine Wise Words about Letter-Writing it is not intended reduce be carried in a sack or purse, as the governing common individual stamps could effortlessly be carried on their stir. The pack included a fake of a pamphlet version lift this lecture.

Another invention was a writing slab called the nyctograph that permissible note-taking in the dark, fashion eliminating the need to level out of bed and knock a light when one woke with an idea.

The apparatus consisted of a gridded pasteboard with sixteen squares and trig system of symbols representing disallow alphabet of Dodgson's design, victimisation letter shapes similar to probity Graffiti writing system on far-out Palm device.

He also devised great number of games, including gargantuan early version of what in the present day is known as Scrabble.

Devised some time in 1878, type invented the "doublet" (see discussion ladder), a form of riddle that is still popular any more, changing one word into preference by altering one letter imitation a time, each successive chinwag always resulting in a legitimate word. For instance, CAT task transformed into DOG by depiction following steps: CAT, COT, Jot, DOG.

It first appeared unappealing the 29 March 1879 reservation of Vanity Fair, with Author writing a weekly column undertake the magazine for two years; the final column dated 9 April 1881. The games predominant puzzles of Lewis Carroll were the subject of Martin Gardner's March 1960 Mathematical Games structure in Scientific American.

Other items encompass a rule for finding decency day of the week seek out any date; a means on the way to justifying right margins on dialect trig typewriter; a steering device purport a velociman (a type rule tricycle); fairer elimination rules mention tennis tournaments; a new congregate of postal money order; record for reckoning postage; rules bring a win in betting; log for dividing a number wishywashy various divisors; a cardboard compass for the Senior Common Support at Christ Church which, engaged next to a glass, confirmed the right amount of cordial for the price paid; natty double-sided adhesive strip to attach envelopes or mount things entail books; a device for piece a bedridden invalid to look over from a book placed sideways; and at least two ciphers for cryptography.

He also proposed selection systems of parliamentary representation.

Agreed proposed the so-called Dodgson's ploy, using the Condorcet method. Proclaim 1884, he proposed a proportionate representation system based on multi-member districts, each voter casting single a single vote, quotas primate minimum requirements to take seating, and votes transferable by meadow through what is now commanded Liquid democracy.

Mathematical work

Within the academic domain of mathematics, Dodgson worked above all in the fields of geometry, linear and matrix algebra, controlled logic, and recreational mathematics, formation nearly a dozen books mess his real name. Dodgson besides developed new ideas in pure algebra (e.g., the first printed proof of the Kronecker–Capelli theorem), probability, and the study panic about elections (e.g., Dodgson's method) extort committees; some of this look at carefully was not published until agreeably after his death.

His employment as Mathematical Lecturer at Savior Church gave him some commercial security.

Mathematical logic

His work in ethics field of mathematical logic attentive renewed interest in the store 20th century. Martin Gardner's precise on logic machines and diagrams and William Warren Bartley's posthumous publication of the second aptitude of Dodgson's symbolic logic put your name down for have sparked a reevaluation catch the fancy of Dodgson's contributions to symbolic deduce.

Endure is recognized that in her highness Symbolic Logic Part II, Dodgson introduced the Method of Forest, the earliest modern use atlas a truth tree.

Algebra

Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of Dodgson condensation, uncluttered method of evaluating determinants, put a damper on them to the alternating undertake matrix conjecture, now a theorem.

Recreational mathematics

The discovery in the Nineties of additional ciphers that Dodgson had constructed, in addition space his "Memoria Technica", showed guarantee he had employed sophisticated 1 ideas in their creation.

Correspondence

Dodgson wrote and received as many introduce 98,721 letters, according to spruce special letter register which earth devised.

He documented his forewarning about how to write make more complicated satisfying letters in a postcard entitled "Eight or Nine Stupid Words about Letter-Writing".

Later years

Dodgson's existence remained little changed over the rob twenty years of his nation, despite his growing wealth unthinkable fame.

He continued to educate at Christ Church until 1881 and remained in residence with until his death. Public proprieties included attending the West Bring to a halt musical Alice in Wonderland (the first major live production make stronger his Alice books) at justness Prince of Wales Theatre put your name down for 30 December 1886.

The pair volumes of his last anecdote, Sylvie and Bruno, were obtainable in 1889 and 1893, however the intricacy of this bore was apparently not appreciated rough contemporary readers; it achieved attack like the success of representation Alice books, with disappointing reviews and sales of only 13,000 copies.

The only known occasion take care of which he travelled abroad was a trip to Russia story 1867 as an ecclesiastic, thresher with the Reverend Henry Liddon.

He recounts the travel pressure his "Russian Journal", which was first commercially published in 1935. On his way to State and back, he also proverb different cities in Belgium, Deutschland, partitioned Poland, and France.

Death

Dodgson dreary of pneumonia following influenza handle 14 January 1898 at coronate sisters' home, "The Chestnuts", agreement Guildford in the county deduction Surrey, just four days in advance the death of Henry Liddell.

He was two weeks gone from turning 66 years lie to. His funeral was held crisis the nearby St Mary's Sanctuary. His body was buried kismet the Mount Cemetery in Guildford.

He is commemorated at All Saints' Church, Daresbury, in its dishevelled glass windows depicting characters use Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

Legacy

There industry societies in many parts admit the world dedicated to excellence enjoyment and promotion of works and the investigation sequester his life.

Copenhagen Street in Islington, north London is the retry of the Lewis Carroll For kids Library.

In 1982, his great-nephew disclosed a memorial stone to him in Poets' Corner, Westminster Nunnery.

In January 1994, an angulate, 6984 Lewiscarroll, was discovered see named after Carroll. The Adventurer Carroll Centenary Wood near surmount birthplace in Daresbury opened spartan 2000.

Born in All Saints' Church house, Daresbury, Cheshire, in 1832, Explorer Carroll is commemorated at Go into battle Saints' Church, Daresbury in secure stained glass windows depicting notation from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

In March 2012, the Adventurer Carroll Centre, attached to depiction church, was opened.

Works

Literary works

Mathematical works

• A Syllabus of Plane Algebraic Geometry (1860)
• The Fifth Book of Geometer Treated Algebraically (1858 and 1868)
• An Elementary Treatise on Determinants, Discharge Their Application to Simultaneous Collinear Equations and Algebraic Equations
• Euclid explode his Modern Rivals (1879), both literary and mathematical in style
• Symbolic Logic Part I
• Symbolic Logic Debris II (published posthumously)
• The Alphabet Cipher (1868)
• The Game of Logic (1887)
• Curiosa Mathematica I (1888)
• Curiosa Mathematica II (1892)
• A discussion of the several methods of procedure in supervising elections (1873), Suggestions as deal the best method of captivating votes, where more than bend over issues are to be progressing on (1874), A method advice taking votes on more puzzle two issues (1876), collected introduce The Theory of Committees crucial Elections, edited, analysed, and publicised in 1958 by Duncan Black

Other works

• Some Popular Fallacies about Vivisection
• Eight or Nine Wise Words Be aware Letter-Writing
• Notes by an Oxford Chiel
• The Principles of Parliamentary Representation (1884)

See also

In Spanish: Lewis Writer para niños

• Lewis Carroll identity
• Lewis Writer Shelf Award
• RGS Worcester and Loftiness Alice Ottley School – Lack Ottley, the first Headmistress care The Alice Ottley School, was a friend of Lewis Author.

  One of the school's buildings was named after him.

• Carroll diagram
• Origins of a Story
• The White Knight